I. Construction of Rigid Waterproof Materials The construction of rigid waterproof materials mainly refers to the construction of waterproof mortar or waterproof concrete.

Rigid waterproof materials are made of cement, sand, and stone aggregates as raw materials, or with the addition of a small amount of admixtures, polymer materials, etc. By reasonably adjusting the mix ratio of cement mortar and concrete, reducing or suppressing porosity, improving the pore structure characteristics, and increasing the compactness between the interfaces of various materials, cement mortar and concrete waterproof materials with certain impermeability are prepared.

II. Construction of Coating Waterproof Materials Waterproof coatings (also known as film-forming waterproof materials) are fluid or semi-fluid substances. They are applied to the surface of the base layer. After the evaporation of solvents or water, or through chemical reactions between various components, an elastic film is formed to isolate the surface from water, playing a role in waterproofing and moisture-proofing.

The research, development, and application of waterproof coatings in China began in the 1960s. Initially, they were mainly asphalt-based waterproof coatings. In the past decade or so, the development has shifted from traditional asphalt-based waterproof coatings to polymer-modified asphalt waterproof coatings and synthetic polymer waterproof coatings. A series of low, medium, and high-grade products have been developed and produced, with rich output and varieties, promoting the development of building waterproofing projects.

The construction of coating waterproofing is divided into the construction of thin coatings and thick coatings according to the thickness of the coating. Thin coatings are often constructed by brushing or spraying methods. Thick coatings are often constructed by troweling or scraping methods. Due to the different properties of the coatings themselves, the tools and processes used are also different. According to the needs of the project, coating waterproofing can be made into a simple coating layer or a coating with a reinforcing material (such as glass fiber cloth or chemical fiber, polyester fiber felt) to form one-cloth-two-coatings, two-cloth-three-coatings, multi-cloth-multi-coatings.

III. Construction of Waterproof Membranes Waterproof membranes are an important variety of building waterproof materials. They can usually be divided into three categories: asphalt waterproof membranes with asphalt as the basic raw material, polymer-modified asphalt waterproof membranes with polymer-modified asphalt as the basic raw material, and synthetic polymer waterproof membranes with synthetic polymer materials as the basic raw material. The first category is the traditional waterproof membrane. However, its base materials have been newly developed and applied, and it still has a certain use in waterproofing projects in China. The latter two categories of waterproof membranes represent the development direction of waterproof membranes. Due to their superior performance, they are new waterproof membranes that will be vigorously developed and applied in China in the future.

Common construction methods for membrane waterproofing include hot-bonding method, cold-bonding method, hot-melt method, self-adhesive method, mechanical fixing method, and embedding method.

IV. Construction of Sealant Waterproofing The sealants used in construction refer to materials that are filled in the joints, cracks, door and window frames, glass edges, pipe joints, or connections with other structures of buildings to play a role in water-tightness and air-tightness.

Commonly used sealants mainly include two categories: modified asphalt sealant waterproof materials and synthetic polymer sealant waterproof materials. Their performance differences are relatively large, and the construction method should be determined according to the specific materials. The commonly used construction methods include two categories: cold embedding method and hot pouring method.